Preliminary Reference Rock Model (PROM) web site

An integrated data source for mapping fluid distribution in the Earth's crust and mantle based on matnetotelluric observation and seismic tomography data.
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2. Elastic wave velocity
Seismic wave velocity
Plutonic Rocks
Gpa
T
Vp
Vs
Authors
Journal
Vol.
Pages
Ref No.
Anorthosite
~1.0
-
6.98-7.12
3.65-3.72
Christensen (1996)
Journal of Geophysical Research
101
3139-3156
20
Anorthosite
0.2
~450
6.75-7.15
-
Cristensen (1979)
Journal of Geophysical Research
84
6849-6857
10
Anorthosite
6.7-7.15
-
Cristensen (1979)
Journal of Geophysical Research
84
6849-6857
10
Diorite
0.6
600
6.0-6.5
3.5-3.8
H.Kern et al.(1993)
Precambrian Research
64
169-187
3
Dunite
0.2
~450
8.05-8.35
-
Cristensen (1979)
Journal of Geophysical Research
84
6849-6857
10
Dunite
~1.0
-
8.30-8.40
4.73-4.78
Christensen (1996)
Journal of Geophysical Research
101
3139-3156
20
Gabbro
1.0
400
5.5-7.5
-
Nishimoto et al. (2005)
Tectonophysics
396
245-259
6
Gabbro
1.0
400
5.2-6.8
2.9-3.3
K.Kitamura et al.(2003)
Tectonophysics
371
213-221
9
Gabbro
1.0
400
6.0-7.2
3.5-3.8
K.Kitamura et al.(2003)
Tectonophysics
371
213-221
9
Gabbro
1.0
700
7.0-7.2
3.7-3.8
Kono et al.(2006)
Geophysical Research Letter
33
L15314, *
5
* DOI:10.1029/2006GL026526
Gabbro
0.2
~450
6.95-7.35
-
Cristensen (1979)
Journal of Geophysical Research
84
6849-6857
10
Gabbro
0.6-1.0
~800
6.7-7.3
3.8-4.2
Nishimoto et al. (2008)
Journal of Geophysical Research
113
B12212, **
22
** DOI: 10.1029/2008JB005587
Granite
1.0
850-900
5.8-6.5
-
Aizawa et al.(2002)
Tectonophysics
351
255-261
1
Granite
1.0
400
5.5-6.5
-
Nishimoto et al. (2005)
Tectonophysics
396
245-259
6
Granite
0.2
~450
5.7-6.3
-
Cristensen (1979)
Journal of Geophysical Research
84
6849-6857
10
Granite
confining P=0.05GPa, pore P=0.001GPa
-
4.8-6.5
-
Stanchits et al. (2003)
Bulletin of Seismological Society of America
93
1803-1822
16
Hornblendite
~1.0
-
7.16-7.32
4.09-4.16
Christensen (1996)
Journal of Geophysical Research
101
3139-3156
20
Hornblendite
0.6-1.0
~800
6.6-7.1
3.5-3.8
Nishimoto et al. (2008)
Journal of Geophysical Research
113
B12212, ***
22
*** DOI: 10.1029/2008JB005587
Peridotite
1.0
400
6.5-8.0
-
Nishimoto et al. (2005)
Tectonophysics
396
245-259
6
Peridotite
~0.6
-
3.6-4.2
6.8-7.8
Ji et al. (2009)
Tectonophysics
463
15-30
12
polycrysalline Plagioclase
1.0
700
6.7-6.9
3.4-3.6
Kono et al.(2006)
Geophysical Research Letter
33
L15314, ****
5
**** DOI:10.1029/2006GL026526
Pyroxenite
~1.0
-
7.74-7.94
4.44-4.52
Christensen (1996)
Journal of Geophysical Research
101
3139-3156
20
Tonalite
1.0
400
5.4-6.6
2.5-3.6
K.Kitamura et al.(2003)
Tectonophysics
371
213-221
9
Tonalite, Granite
~0.6
~700
~6.8
3.1-3.8
Kern and Schenk (1988)
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
87
325-337
18
*lower crustal rocks
~0.6
~600
6.33-7.74
3.54-4.30
Kern and Schenk (1985)
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
40
147-160
24
*sheared ultramafic rocks
~0.6
~600
6.47-8.22
3.27-4.75
Kern and Tubia (1993)
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
119
191-205
19



Volcanic Rocks
Gpa
T
Vp
Vs
Authors
Journal
Vol.
Pages
Ref No.
Andesite
~1.0
-
5.53-5.94
3.03-3.18
Christensen (1996)
Journal of Geophysical Research
101
3139-3156
20
Basalt
0.2
~450
6.4-6.6
-
Cristensen (1979)
Journal of Geophysical Research
84
6849-6857
10
Basalt
~1.0
-
5.91-6.12
3.22-3.29
Christensen (1996)
Journal of Geophysical Research
101
3139-3156
20



Metamorphic Rocks
Gpa
T
Vp
Vs
Authors
Journal
Vol.
Pages
Ref No.
Amphibolite
~0.6
-
3.8-4.0
5.7-7.0
Ji et al. (2009)
Tectonophysics
463
15-30
12
Amphibolite
0.1-1.0
~700
5.0-7.0
2.7-4.0
Zhou et al. (2011)
Geophysical Journal International
187
1393-1404
7
Amphibolite
~1.0
-
6.87-7.05
3.91-3.99
Christensen (1996)
Journal of Geophysical Research
101
3139-3156
20
Amphibolite
0.6-1.0
~800
6.7-7.2
3.8-4.1
Nishimoto et al. (2008)
Journal of Geophysical Research
113
B12212, *
22
* DOI: 10.1029/2008JB005587
Amphibolite
1.0
850-900
5.8-7.1
-
Aizawa et al.(2002)
Tectonophysics
351
255-261
1
Amphibolite
1.0
850
7.3-7.7
4.0-4.5
K. Ito and Y.Tatsumi (1995)
EPSL
133
255-264
8
Amphibolite
1.0
400
5.0-7.5
-
Nishimoto et al. (2005)
Tectonophysics
396
245-259
6
Amphibolite
0.2
~450
6.45-6.9
-
Cristensen (1979)
Journal of Geophysical Research
84
6849-6857
10
Blueschist
1.0
400
6.8-7.4
-
Fujimoto et al.(2010)
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
183
219-228
2
Blueschist
1.0
400
6.9-7.6
-
Fujimoto et al.(2010)
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
183
219-228
2
Brueschist
0.1-1.0
~250
7.00-7.29
Fujimoto et al. (2010)
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
183
219-228
2
Brueschist
0.1-1.0
~400
6.94-7.58
Fujimoto et al. (2010)
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
183
219-228
2
Brueschist
0.1-1.0
~250
6.43-7.36
Fujimoto et al. (2010)
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
183
219-228
2
Calcite Marble
~1.0
-
6.92-6.99
3.65-3.72
Christensen (1996)
Journal of Geophysical Research
101
3139-3156
20
Dolomitic Marble
~0.6
-
4
6.7
Ji et al. (2009)
Tectonophysics
463
15-30
12
Eclogite
~0.6
-
4.2-5.0
7.0-8.5
Ji et al. (2009)
Tectonophysics
463
15-30
12
Eclogite
0.1-0.5
~700
8.55-7.95
-
Wang et al. (2009)
Tectonophysics
475
251-266
17
Eclogite
0.6-0.8
-
3.9-4.9
-
Wang et al. (2005)
Journal of Geophysical Research
110
B08208, **
21
** DOI:10.1029/2004JB003435
Eclogite
0.2
~450
8.1-8.4
-
Cristensen (1979)
Journal of Geophysical Research
84
6849-6857
10
Felsic Granulite
~0.6
~700
5.6-6.4
3.6-3.7
Kern and Schenk (1988)
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
87
325-337
18
Gneiss
~0.6
~600
4.5-6.8
2.6-4.0
Kern (2011)
International Journal of Geophysics
***
11
*** DOI:10.1155/2011/530728
Gneiss
~0.6
-
3.2-4.0
5.7-6.5
Ji et al. (2009)
Tectonophysics
463
15-30
12
Gneiss
~0.6
~700
~6.8
3.1-3.8
Kern and Schenk (1988)
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
87
325-337
18
Granulite
1.0
400
6.9-7.4
3.8-4.0
Kono et al.(2009)
Tectonophysics
467
44-45
4
Granulite
1.0
850
7.5-8.3
4.2-4.7
K. Ito and Y.Tatsumi (1995)
EPSL
133
255-264
8
Granulite
1.0
400
6.6-7.7
4.0-4.3
Kono et al.(2009)
Tectonophysics
467
44-45
4
Granulite
1.0
400
7.2-8.4
4.3-4.7
Kono et al.(2009)
Tectonophysics
467
44-45
4
Granulite
0.6
600
5.9-6.8
3.3-4.1
H.Kern et al.(1993)
Precambrian Research
64
169-187
3
Granulite
0.2
~450
5.95-6.45
-
Cristensen (1979)
Journal of Geophysical Research
84
6849-6857
10
Granulite
6.55-6.95
-
Cristensen (1979)
Journal of Geophysical Research
84
6849-6857
10
Granulite
6.2-6.55
-
Cristensen (1979)
Journal of Geophysical Research
84
6849-6857
10
Metabasite
~0.6
~700
6.2-6.9
3.6-3.8
Kern and Schenk (1988)
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
87
325-337
18
MetaGabbro
~0.6
-
3.7-4.1
6.6-7.2
Ji et al. (2009)
Tectonophysics
463
15-30
12
Metapelite
~0.6
~700
5.9-7.7
3.7-4.3
Kern and Schenk (1988)
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
87
325-337
18
Metasediments
~0.6
-
6
3.5
Kern et al. (2009)
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
175
151-166
13
Ophiolitic rock
~0.6
-
6.0-7.8
3.0-4.2
Kern et al. (2009)
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
175
151-166
13
Serpentinite
~1.0
-
5.31-5.61
2.59-2.65
Christensen (1996)
Journal of Geophysical Research
101
3139-3156
20
Serpentinite
0.2
~450
4.9-5.2
-
Cristensen (1979)
Journal of Geophysical Research
84
6849-6857
10
silicate rock
~0.6
~600
5.4-7.2
3.0-5.6
Punturo et al. (2005)
Tectonophysics
409
55-72
15
*Drilling core
~0.6
~600
4.2-6.8
2.5-4.0
Kern et al. (2001)
Tectonophysics
338
113-134
14
*UHP metamorphic rocks
~0.6
~600
5.0-8.5
3.0-4.5
Kern et al. (2002)
Tectonophysics
354
315-330
23



Sedimentary Rocks
Gpa
T
Vp
Vs
Authors
Journal
Vol.
Pages
Ref No.
calcite rock
~0.6
~600
6.0-6.5
3.0-3.5
Punturo et al. (2005)
Tectonophysics
409
55-72
15
Quartzite
~1.0
-
5.93-6.09
4.04-4.05
Christensen (1996)
Journal of Geophysical Research
101
3139-3156
20
Quartzite
0.2
~450
5.7-6.05
-
Cristensen (1979)
Journal of Geophysical Research
84
6849-6857
10



  • Title
    Compressional wave velocity of granite and amphibolite up to melting temperatures at 1GPa
    Authers
    Yoshitaka Aizawa, Kazuhiko Ito, Yoshiyuki Tatsumi
    DOI
    DOI: 10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00251-2
  • Title
    P-wave velocity and anisotropy of lawsonite and epidote blueschists: Constraints on water transportation along subducting oceanic crust
    Authers
    Yoshikazu Fujimoto, Yoshio Kono, Takao Hirajima, Kyuichi Kanagawa, Masahiro Ishikawa, Makoto Arima
    DOI
    DOI:10.1016/j.pepi.2010.09.003
  • Title
    Seismic properties of rocks exposed in the POLAR profile region constraints on the interpretation of the refraction data
    Authers
    H. Kern, Ch. Walther, E.R. Fliih c and M. Marker
    DOI
    DOI: 10.1016/0301-9268(93)90074-C
  • Title
    P- and S-wave velocities of the lowermost crustal rocks from the Kohistan arc: Implications for seismic Moho discontinuity attributed to abundant garnet
    Authers
    Yoshio Kono, Masahiro Ishikawa, Yumiko Harigane, Katsuyoshi Michibayashi, Makoto Arima
    DOI
    DOI:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.12.010
  • Title
    Laboratory measurements of P- and S-wave velocities in polycrystalline plagioclase and gabbronorite up to 700°C and 1GPa: Implications for the low velocity anomaly in the lower crust
    Authers
    Yoshio Kono, Masahiro Ishikawa and Makoto Arima
    DOI
    DOI :10.1029/2006GL026526, 2006
  • Title
    Laboratory measurement of P-wave velocity in crustal and upper mantle xenoliths from Ichino-megata, NE Japan: ultrabasic hydrous lower crust beneath the NE Honshu arc
    Authers
    Soushi Nishimoto, Masahiro Ishikawa, Makoto Arima, Takeyoshi Yoshida
    DOI
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2004.12.010
  • Title
    Measurements of wave velocity and electrical conductivity of an amphibolite from southwestern margin of the Tarim Basin at pressures to 1.0 GPa and temperatures to 700°C: comparison with ?eld observations
    Authers
    Wenge Zhou, Dawei Fan, Yonggang Liu and Hongsen Xie
    DOI
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05220.x
  • Title
    Measurement of elastic wave velocities in granulite and amphibolite having identical H²O-free bulk compositions up to 850°C at 1GPa
    Authers
    Kazuhiko Ito, Yoshiyuki Tatsumi
    DOI
    DOI: 10.1016/0012-821X(95)00074-M
  • Title
    Petrological model of the northern Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc crust:constraints from high-pressure measurements of elastic wave velocities of the Tanzawa plutonic rocks, central Japan
    Authers
    K. Kitamura, M. Ishikawa, M. Arima
    DOI
    DOI: 10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00229-4
  • Title
    Compressional Wave Velocities in Rocks at High Temperatures and Pressures, Critical Thermal Gradients, and Crustal Low-Velocity Zones
    Authers
    NIKOLAS I. CHRISTENSEN
    DOI
    DOI: 10.1029/JB084iB12p06849
  • Title
    Measuring andModeling of P- and S-Wave Velocities on Crustal Rocks: A Key for the Interpretation of Seismic Reflection and Refraction Data
    Authers
    Hartmut Kern
    DOI
    DOI: 10.1155/2011/530728
  • Title
    "Composition and tectonic evolution of the Chinese continental crust constrained by Poisson's ratio"
    Authers
    Shaocheng Ji, Qian Wang, Matthew H. Salisbury
    DOI
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.007
  • Title
    Elastic wave velocities, chemistry and modal mineralogy of crustal rocks sampled by the Outokumpu scientific drill hole: Evidence from lab measurements and modeling
    Authers
    H. Kern, K. Mengel, K.W. Strauss, T.I. Ivankina, A.N. Nikitin, I.T. Kukkonen
    DOI
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pepi.2009.03.009
  • Title
    Pressure and temperature dependence of Vp and Vs in rocks from the superdeep well and from surface analogues at Kola and the nature of velocity anisotropy
    Authers
    H. Kern, T. Popp, F. Gorbatsevich, A. Zharikov, K.V.Lobanov, Yu.P.Smirnov
    DOI
    DOI: 10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00128-7
  • Title
    P- and S-wave velocities and densities in silicate and calcite rocks from the Peloritani Mountains, Sicily (Italy): The effect of pressure, temperature and the direction of wave propagation
    Authers
    Punturo, R , Kern, H , Cirrinclone, R, Mazzoleni, P , Pezzino, A
    DOI
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2005.08.006
  • Title
    Anisotropic changes in P-wave velocity and attenuation during deformation and fluid infiltration of granite
    Authers
    Stanchits, SA, Lockner, DA, Ponomarev, AV
    DOI
    DOI: 10.1785/0120020101
  • Title
    Geochemistry, petrofabrics and seismic properties of eclogites from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling boreholes in the Sulu UHP terrane, eastern China
    Authers
    Wang, Q, Burlini, L, Mainprice, D, Xu, ZQ
    DOI
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.027
  • Title
    A model of velocity structure beneath Calabria, southern Italy, based on laboratory data
    Authers
    H. Kern and V. Schenk
    DOI
    DOI: 10.1016/0012-821X(88)90020-9
  • Title
    Pressure and temperature dependence of P- and S-wave velocities, seismic anisotropy and density of sheared rocks from the Sierra Alpujata massif (Ronda peridotites, Southern Spain)
    Authers
    H. Kern and J.M. Tubia
    DOI
    DOI: 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90016-3
  • Title
    Poisson's ratio and crustal seismology
    Authers
    Nikolas I. Christensen
    DOI
    DOI: 10.1029/95JB03446
  • Title
    Shear wave properties and Poisson's ratios of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt, China: Implications for crustal composition
    Authers
    Qin Wang, Shaocheng Ji, Matthew H. Salisbury, Bin Xia, Mingbao Pan, and Zhiqin Xu
    DOI
    DOI:10.1029/2004JB003435
  • Title
    Simultaneous high P-T measurements of ultrasonic compressional and shear wave velocities in Ichino-megata mafic xenoliths: Their bearings on seismic velocity perturbations in lower crust of northeast Japan arc
    Authers
    Soshi Nishimoto, Masahiro Ishikawa, Makoto Arima, Takeyoshi Yoshida, and Junichi Nakajima
    DOI
    DOI: 10.1029/2008JB005587
  • Title
    Physical properties of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Sulu terrain, eastern central China: implications for the seismic structure at the Donghai (CCSD) drilling site
    Authers
    Hartmut Kern, Zhenmin Jin, Shan Gao, Till Popp, Zhiqin Xu
    DOI
    DOI: 10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00339-6
  • Title
    Elastic wave velocities in rocks from a lower crustal section in southern Calabria (Italy)
    Authers
    H. Kern and V. Schenk
    DOI
    DOI: 10.1016/0031-9201(85)90126-8

copyright © by Michihiko Nakamura